Web3/12/ · () Conclusions related to osteoporosis stated by the National Institutes of Health include the following: (1) Osteoporosis occurs in all populations at all ages; (2) WebOsteoporosis is a progressive metabolic bone disease that decreases bone density causing skeletal weakness. Bone is continually being formed and resorbed in the body. WebOsteoporosis is defined as a bone condition when the body loses too much bone or does not produce enough for sustainable well-being. As a result of this condition, the bone
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Osteoporosis is defined as a bone condition when the body loses too much bone or does not produce enough for sustainable well-being. As a result of this condition, the bone matter becomes weaker as time goes on and thus increases the risks of breaking from falls, osteoporosis essay. In the most severe cases of osteoporosis, patients can experience the breaking of bones because of such minor accidents as hitting bumps or sneezing. In this paper, the condition will be reviewed from different perspectives. The risk factors, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests, treatment options, and preventative measures of osteoporosis will be discussed in detail.
The bone matter is in a continuous state of renewing itself, which means that its old cells break down while new ones are made. When people are young, these cells renew themselves quicker, thus making the bone stronger and less susceptible to breaking. With age, the regeneration of bone matter slows down thus contributing to the loss of bone mass because the cells break down faster than they are created. Therefore, there is a direct connection between how much bone mass has a person developed during their young age Delaisse, The higher the bone mass associated with the peak of its development, the more bone will be retained for the rest of the life. If there is not enough bone mass, the higher is the likelihood of osteoporosis development as time goes by.
There are multiple categories of risk factors that can initiate the development of osteoporosis. For instance, osteoporosis essay, women have more likelihood of getting osteoporosis compared to men. As already mentioned, the older one gets, osteoporosis essay, the higher the risks of osteoporosis are. When it comes to race, individuals of Asian descent and whites are more likely to get osteoporosis as well as those whose siblings have been diagnosed with the disease in the past. Hormone levels osteoporosis essay also been linked to the increased risks of osteoporosis. For instance, lower sex hormones contribute to the loss of bone mass. Regarding men, the levels of testosterone may drop with age or due to treatments for prostate cancer, subsequently contributing to the loss of bone matter.
In people with thyroid problems, the production of high numbers of the thyroid hormone contributes to the lower number of bone cells. Furthermore, when people take a lot of hormonal medication to treat an underactive thyroid, they can risk losing bone cells. Lifestyle preferences including dietary factors have also been linked to the risks of getting osteoporosis. The low intake of calcium, eating disorders, and gastrointestinal surgery can contribute to the loss of bone mass. Calcium-rich foods and supplements are usually prescribed to reduce osteoporosis essay risk factors for osteoporosis Reid, The restriction of dietary choices due to such osteoporosis essay as food disorders has been shown to contribute to osteoporosis occurrence, osteoporosis essay.
Poor lifestyle habits such as alcohol abuse, tobacco smoking, and sedentary life increase the risks of osteoporosis. Because of this, eliminating unhealthy habits and being more active is often recommended. Osteoporosis is defined as a health condition characterized by skeletal fragility and the reduced mass of the bone associated with the deteriorating bone tissue, thus increasing the risks of fracture. In addition, the condition is characterized by extra-skeletal factors that consequently lead to fractures. The strength of the bone is determined not only by its mass but also by such factors as the shape and osteoporosis essay size of the bone, osteoporosis essay, its mineralization, turnover, and architecture.
Due to the multifactorial pathophysiology of osteoporosis, there is a recommendation for having an all-encompassing approach and multifaceted prevention. Bone is an active tissue that changes because of the influence of such factors as age, lifestyle choices, and hormonal changes. The process of bone remodeling starts with the resorption of the matter associated with the conversion of the quiescent bone surface into a resorptive one Delaisse, The entire process is sustained with the help of calciotropic hormones estrogen, calcitonin, 1,dihydroxy vitamin D, and PHTcytokines interleukins 1, 6, 11and colony-stimulating factors.
When the supply of these factors is not enough osteoporosis essay the healthy remodeling of the bone matter, individuals lose bone mass and thus are more likely to be diagnosed with osteoporosis, osteoporosis essay. In most cases, patients diagnosed with osteoporosis at the early stages may not feel any symptoms, osteoporosis essay. Once the bone matter becomes weaker and the body cannot retain the recommended amount of bone, some signs can include back pain associated with a collapsed or fractured vertebra.
Other symptoms include the gradual loss of height over some time, an easy occurrence of bone fractures, osteoporosis essay, as well as a stooped posture. It is recommended for patients to contact a health provider osteoporosis essay cases when they have undergone early menopause or were prescribed to take corticosteroids for a long period. Also, people should be attentive to the risks of osteoporosis in cases when their parents had hip fractures as adults, osteoporosis essay. Osteoporosis osteoporosis essay not diagnosed usually until a person fractures his or her bones.
This is a problem because many patients who have not experienced any symptoms may wrongly believe that they do not have osteoporosis. However, patients with pain in their back or joints may suspect osteoporosis without really having it. Therefore, osteoporosis essay, appropriate diagnosis procedures are necessary to address this issue as well as reduce the occurrence of fractures through administering appropriate medications and improving the lifestyle overall. The next osteoporosis essay is conducting a bone mineral density BMD test because X-rays do not measure the density of bones but can help in identifying fractures, osteoporosis essay. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry DXA is the most common BMD test that uses low-radiation X-rays that can detect the levels of bone loss.
Usually, spine and hip bone density are measured while in some instances doctors may choose to measure the density of an entire skeleton Liu et al. Quantitative Computed Tomography QCT targets the hips and the spine, peripheral QCT targets the forearm, and Quantitative ultrasound targets fingers or heels through the use of sound waves. As a result of these diagnostic tests, osteoporosis essay, patients get a reference measurement for determining whether they have osteoporosis or not osteoporosis essay Table 1. Usually, osteoporosis essay, osteopenia is evident when the t-score is in the range osteoporosis essay 1 and 2.
The table below shows the correspondence between t-test scores and the severity of osteoporosis:. Based on the t-test results presented above, doctors conclude whether patients require just dietary and lifestyle changes to address osteopenia or need to be prescribed complex medication for osteoporosis. Importantly, in the absence of fractures but high t-test scores, it does not mean that patients will have them in the future if they implement appropriate measures to address their condition. Radiological assessments of Bone Turnover Markers BTM have also been used for measuring the extent of osteoporosis.
The treatment of osteoporosis encompasses both pharmacological and non-pharmacological options. The combination of the two methods has shown to be the most efficient because the disease is complex and thus requires several factors to be addressed, osteoporosis essay. Bisphosphonates are the most common medications that patients with osteoporosis are being prescribed. They include such prescription medications as alendronate, risedronate, ibandronate, and zoledronic acid. Alendronate targets the quick breakdown of bone matter and the increase of its thickness.
Risedronate targets the same condition characteristics as alendronate while also being used for preventing osteoporosis that has been caused by taking steroid medications. Zoledronic acid is a medication that targets much more complex conditions apart from osteoporosis. For instance, it is osteoporosis essay for treating cancer that spreads from one organ to the bone Liu et al. It should be mentioned that hormonal medications are used for addressing osteoporosis, osteoporosis essay. Estrogen-based treatments have been prescribed for menopausal women for improving their bone health; however, osteoporosis essay, they have been shown to have some negative side effects.
When prescribing hormonal medications, it is important to weigh-in the benefits and threats about each patient, osteoporosis essay. For instance, individuals are recommended to eliminate smoking and alcohol use as well as encouraged to establish a calcium- and vitamin D-rich diet. Regular exercise programs are osteoporosis essay for retaining bone matter and slowing down its destruction. Alternative methods of treating osteoporosis are osteoporosis essay commonly used. The prevention of osteoporosis can be implemented during both childhood and adulthood. Children and adolescents are recommended to follow a nutritious diet that includes adequate amounts of calcium, proteins, and vitamin D.
For adults, the same dietary advice is given for maintaining adequate bone mass. Adults should avoid malnutrition, and eating disorders in particular, which is why seeking psychological help is needed if nutrition has been undermined by mental instabilities, osteoporosis essay. In addition to sustaining a healthy diet, adults are recommended to avoid heavy alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking including second-hand. Overall, maintaining high bone mass is the target of preventive osteoporosis measures, and both diet and exercise can help in osteoporosis essay this goal. Osteoporosis is a complex condition, the symptoms of which do not manifest immediately, thus presenting some challenges for both patients and healthcare providers.
However, by taking steps to establish a healthy lifestyle, patients of all ages can reduce the risks of osteoporosis occurrence. Apart from improving the overall health through exercise and a nutritious diet, pharmacological osteoporosis essay are osteoporosis essay available, osteoporosis essay, especially in regards to elderly patients. Delaisse, J. The reversal phase of the bone-remodeling cycle: cellular prerequisites for coupling resorption and formation. BoneKEy Reports, 3 Krpan, D. Non-pharmacological treatment of osteoporosis with nuclear resonance therapy NMR-therapy. Periodicum Biologorum, 1 Lewiecki, E.
Osteoporosis: Prevention and treatment. De Groot, osteoporosis essay, G. Dungan Eds. Liu, M. Efficacy of zoledronic acid in treatment of osteoporosis in men and women-a meta-analysis, osteoporosis essay. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, osteoporosis essay, 8 3 Maeda, S. An overview on the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Journal for the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 58 2 Reid, I. Should we prescribe calcium supplements for osteoporosis prevention? Journal of Bone Metabolism, 21 1 Shetty, S, osteoporosis essay. Bone turnover markers: Emerging tool in the management of osteoporosis. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 20 6 Need a custom Essay sample written from scratch by professional specifically for you?
How osteoporosis develops
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Web Words7 Pages Definition of Osteoporosis: Osteoporosis is a medical condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile from loss of tissue, usually as a result of WebOsteoporosis is defined as a bone condition when the body loses too much bone or does not produce enough for sustainable well-being. As a result of this condition, the bone WebEssays About Osteoporosis The Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis of Osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a disease in which the body loses too Osteoporosis:
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